Key takeaways
- Smoking leads to arteriosclerosis – thickening arteries’ walls
- Chemicals in smoke increase LDL cholesterol levels.
- Smoking causes inflammatory responses and arterial damage.
- Oxidative stress from smoking stiffens arteries.
- It impacts blood flow and vascular function.
Your arteries are like tubes that keep your blood flowing and carry nutrients around your body.
Now, if you smoke, picture all the deadly chemicals piling up and damaging these transport routes, causing blockages and slowing things down.
Yes, smoking can lead to arteriosclerosis—that’s when your arteries thicken and stiffen, making it harder for blood to flow.
If you’ve already got symptoms or a family history of heart attacks or strokes, arteriosclerosis is the last thing you want.
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It’s like adding fuel to the fire, especially if smoking hasn’t already narrowed your blood vessels enough.
Still on the fence about quitting? Here’s how smoking hardens your arteries and how stopping can quickly make a huge difference.
The Impact of Smoking on Cardiovascular Health
Since we’ve already touched on heart problems, let’s dive into how smoking affects your cardiovascular health.
The chemicals in cigarette smoke can make your LDL cholesterol, or the ‘bad’ cholesterol, shoot up to dangerously high levels.
Acrolein, carbon monoxide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) all boost LDL production, and some even lower your ‘good’ HDL cholesterol.
No surprise then that smoking is a top cause of strokes and coronary heart disease.
You don’t want to deal with these, as they usually come after you’ve already developed arteriosclerosis, a condition caused by smoking.
It’s like ticking off a checklist of health problems you’d rather avoid.
Formation of Arteriosclerotic Plaques
Arteriosclerotic plaques are the gradual build-up of fatty deposits, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in your artery walls.
This accumulation is triggered by high LDL levels, which are often boosted by chemicals in cigarette smoke.
Atherosclerosis, which is the process of forming these plaques, can cause two major problems. First, it can block blood flow, and second, it makes your arteries more likely to rupture.
When that happens, you’re at risk of serious, potentially life-threatening heart events.
Inflammatory Response and Arterial Damage
It’s not surprising that chemicals in cigarette smoke can cause inflammation and damage to your arteries.
Carbon monoxide present in cigarette smoke binds to haemoglobin in the blood much faster and more readily than oxygen does. By reducing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen to tissues and organs, CO can lead to tissue damage and inflammation.
Combined with carbon monoxide’s effects on oxygenation and the respiratory irritation brought about by acrolein and the other chemicals in cigarette smoke, the simple act of smoking can lead to long-term arterial damage, which can also lead to aneurysm and COPD.
Oxidative Stress and Arterial Stiffening
Chemicals in cigarette smoke are also primary causes of oxidative stress in various organs and your arteries.
Oxidative stress is the harmful imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, which attack the proteins and lipids in arterial walls. Aside from your arteries, the chemicals in cigarette smoke can cause oxidative stress in your heart, lungs, and other organs.
According to a review of 39 studies from various journals, it was found that the thousands of dangerous chemicals in cigarette smoke are the major causes of oxidative stress in the body that leads to arterial stiffening.
Impact on Blood Flow and Vascular Function
In a traffic jam, nothing moves – and everyone’s angry because of the delays. In your body’s case, hardened and weak arteries can cause permanent damage to your body.
As smoking causes arteries to harden and narrow by encouraging higher levels of LDL, oxidative stress, and the buildup of fatty plaques, the heart must work harder to pump blood throughout the body.
Over time, this can cause hypertension, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease to your body, all of which significantly elevate the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases.
Long-Term Consequences
If the heart has to work harder for a significant amount of time due to arteriosclerosis, you might face life-changing long-term consequences in the future.
Arteriosclerosis is a ‘gateway’ condition that can lead to other dangerous cardiovascular problems, such as angina, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
It has also been linked to diabetes and obesity, making it the bridge correlating cigarette smoke chemicals and these two conditions.
Arterial hardening can also affect other vital organs, including the brain and kidneys, increasing the risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and kidney disease.
Can I Reverse These Effects If I Quit Smoking Today?
Now that you know how smoking hardens your arteries and can lead to long-term physical damage, can you still reverse the damage?
You definitely can. In just a few weeks to a month of quitting, you’ll see significant changes in your cholesterol levels and improvements in your blood pressure.
It might feel a little uncomfortable during the first few weeks as you handle withdrawals and cravings. But after you get through this short but trying period, you’re home free.
You will see your blood pressure drop and reduce your risk of cardiovascular problems, along with other deadly but preventable diseases the chemicals in cigarette smoke can bring.
If you’d like to have the best chance of quitting, we highly recommend consulting a GP who can create a customised smoking cessation journey just for you and have someone monitor your progress in the most objective and helpful way possible.
Summary
It’s no surprise that chemicals in cigarette smoke can harden your arteries and cause it to narrow. Now that you understand how these chemicals can cause arterial blockage and eventual damage, you now have enough motivation to quit smoking for good.
However, we also understand that smoking is a difficult habit to quit, and that’s why we’re here to help.
Smokefree Clinic gives you access to many medically reviewed and trustworthy resources that can inform and aid you in your path to wellness, so have a look around!
If you’re ready to get started, Smokefree can connect you to friendly Australian healthcare professionals who excel in helping patients quit smoking for good, including using responsible vaping products where appropriate.
Link Reference:
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28084565/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5175512/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/hr201025
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818030/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7084712/